Technology, Blog

Selenium # Selenium Implicit and Explicit wait

//Implicit Wait
driver.manage()
.timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS)
// Explicit wait
WebDriverWait wait = new
WebDriverWait(driver,
20);
wait.until(Expected
Conditions.textTo
BePresent
InElementLocated

Selenium # Selenium Keyboard and Mouse events
keyDown(); keyUp(); sendKeys();doubleClick();

Code Example:
Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
Action actions = builder
.moveToElement(“logintextbox”)
.click()
.keyDown(“logintextbox”, Keys.SHIFT)
.sendKeys(“logintextbox”, “hello”)
.keyUp(“logintextbox”, Keys.SHIFT)
.doubleClick(“logintextbox”)
.contextClick()
.build();
actions.perform() ;

What is Cucumber BDD for Selnium tests

Cucumber BDD (Behaviourdriven development):Cucumber is a testing toolused for Software testingwith behaviour drivendevelopment approach.Cucucmber BDD comes with feature file, whereacceptance, functional,regression tests are written in plain english called Gherkin language…Sample feature file inGherkin language is like below:

Feature: my app login test

Scenario: positve test on login

Given user enters correct credentials

Then user should be able to login

Scenario: login negative test

Given user enters wrong password

Then login is not allowed

in the above feature file,each line below to

Scenario, i. e Given, Then steps are mapped with java methods to perform selenium Automation tests

What is TestRunner in Cucumber:

TestRunner is a programused in Cucumber toaccess Feature fileTestRunner drives theselenium automationfeatures executionFeature file is somethingthat has user requirementscenarios written in Englishwhich gives more readabilityand understandability ofthe requirement which iscalled Gherkin language#shorts

Unit testing mocks, stubs

Mocks replaces external Interface. Mocks are not to check thereturn value but to verify function level call happened,called correctly etc.Stubs are replacement ofreturn value and is to test behavior of code.Stubs generates the pre defined output fakes to replace actual implemention like to replaceweb server with local httpserver or replace db serverwith fake in memory db to generate db response

TestNG Parameterization:

Approach 1: feed input parameters via TestNGand receive using@Parameters annotation at the target method

Approach 2: use Dataprovider when complex parameters like data from database, xls,property file, arraylist etc

What is Single slash ‘/’in Xpath in selenium:

Single slash ‘/’ is usedwhen absolute Xpathis considered for Elementidentification for SeleniumWebDriver

What is Double slash ‘//’in Xpath in selenium:

Double slash ‘//’ is usedwhen relative Xpathis considered for Element identification for SeleniumWebDriverRelative Xpath ‘//’is better Element identification strategy

What is Polymorphism:
Polymorphism is one
of the OOPs concepts
where many forms or
characteristics shown
by single  java  method

Different types of
Polymorphism are,
1. compile time/static
Polymorphism
2. Runtime/Dynamic
Polymorphism

1. Compile time/static
Polymorphism is
achieved by Method
overloading
2. Runtime/Dynamic
Polymorphism is
achieved by Method
overriding

Method overloading
is feature where
many methods having
same name but different
argument types
Method overriding is
a feature where child
class method override the
parent class method

#Interface:

Interface is like
class having variables
and methods but methods
are abstract by default.

abstract methods mean
no body/implementation

Any class can
implement Interface and
achieve abstraction and
multiple inheritance

#encapsulation#java#selenium#OOPS is binding of data or variableswith code/methodsas a sigle unit from classthis helps hiding datafrom other classes whendata is declared as private.and keeping methods/codeas public, other class canget data.

#shorts#Abstractclass#cpncreatclassAbstract class:a class declaredusing abstract keywordand has abstract methodsAbstract methodsdoes not haveimplementationor bodyConcreat class:Concreat class extendsAbstract class and implements the methodsfrom Super Abstract classConcreta class does notuse Abstract keywordSelenium classes:Selenium classesextends Concreatclass and instantiateConcreat class touse the implementedmethods from Concreat class

#selenium
#captcha
Selenium: Handling Captcha using Sikuli

Purpose of Captcha
is to avoid Automation.

However some level
of Captcha automation
can be done using Sikuli

Sikuli can capture
image captcha having
numbers or letters
as contents and store
as string values
to continue Automation

Sikuli is a library
that works based
on image recognition

Sikuli can read text from
image and that can be
used for some level of
captcha Automation

#shorts
#dybamicobjects
#selenium

Selenium:
Handling
dynamic
elements

Dynamic Objects
are those it’s id or
other properties
are changing
during page load
or other
user actions

How to handle
dynamic objects:

1. use XPath axes
methods :
use child, parent, sibling
elements to write Xpath

2. use dynamic Xpath
having “contains,
or starts with
or  ends with  etc

#shorts
What is SelectorsHub?

It is a Browser extension
helps to auto suggest
XPath or CSS Selector

How to setup SelectorsHub

1. download and install from
www.selectorshub.com
for browser type
chrome, opera, edge, firefox

2. after adding extention to
browser, it will appear
as browser toolbar item

3. after restarting
browser  inspect any
WebElement,
SelectorHub will be
displayed on Elements
tab on right

4. start typing XPath or
CSS Selector, you
would notice SelectorsHub
auto suggesting
Xpath or CSS Selector

Ref : www.selectorshub.com

#shortsSwitch to Frame:driver.switchTo().frame(“frame name/frame index”);Switch backfrom Frame:driver.switchTo().defaultContent();note: commandsare single line

#shorts
#selenium
#locators
Different
Selenium Locators :

By.id()
By.name()
By.tagName()
By.className()
By.xpath
By.cssSelector()
By.linkText()
By.partialLinkText()

#shorts
#selenium
#Exceptions
Different
WebDriver Exceptions :

   1.WebDriver
Exception
2.Timeout
Exception
         3. NoAlertPresent
Exception
        4. Nosuchwindow
Exception
         5. NoSuchElement
Exception

#shorts
#selenium
#css
#xpath
#seleniumlocator

XPath:
1. XPath(XML Path)
is used to find element
in HTML DOM
2. XPath is the locator
type used in Selenium
3. High success rate
in finding elemet
4. Xpath is slower in IE

CSS(Cascading Style
Sheet )
1. CSS Selector, a
selenium locator type,
used to find
elements using style
language
2. Faster in all
Browsers but may not
work on certain browser
elements

#shorts
1. W3C standard protocol
is used by Selenium 4
WebDriver to
communicate
to Browser, which makes
communication
standardised
and no API encoding
/decoding required

2. Logging and tracing are
improved for better
monitoring
3. Better documentation on
selenium features
4. enabled two url
opening on two browser
tabs

5. Relative Locators
like. toRightOf(),
above(), near()
6.Opera and
PhantomJs support
are removed

7. Optimized
SeleniumGrid
by fixing open issues

#shorts
for chrome:
DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(“browserName”, “chrome”);
caps.setCapability(“browserVersion”, “80.0””);
caps.setCapability(“platformName”, “win10”);

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(caps);
// Pass the capabilities
as an argument to driver object

for Firefox:
DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(“browserName”, “chrome”);
caps.setCapability(“browserVersion”, “80.0””);
caps.setCapability(“platformName”, “win10”);

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(caps);
// Pass the capabilities
as an argument to driver object

DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(“browserName”, “chrome”);
caps.setCapability(“browserVersion”, “80.0””);
caps.setCapability(“platformName”, “win10”);

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(caps);
// Pass the capabilities
as an argument to driver object

#shorts// to retrieve the current URL of the webpagegetCurrentUrl() // to retrieve the current page source of the webpagegetPageSource() //to retrieve the text of the specified web elementgetText() //to retrieve the value specified in the attributegetAttribute() //to retrieve the current title of the webpagegetTitle()getCurrentUrl() getPageSource() getText()getAttribute() getTitle()

Driver will switch to specific
frame using
Name or ID or index
:::
driver.switchTo.frame
(“frameName value”)

or
driver.switchTo
.frame(“ID value”)

or
driver.switchTo.frame(0)

Fluent Wait in Selenium is used for defining the maximum time for the webdriver to wait for a condition, and also the frequency with which we want to check the condition before throwing Exception

Handle multiple Browser windows and tabs
getWindowHandle()

//to retrieve the handle of the current page

getWindowHandles() vs getWindowHandle()

driver.close(); // closes the current browser window
driver.quit(); //This method Closes all browser windows opened by the WebDriver

JUnit is a unit testing library.

@Test – is an Annotation to mark test method in a class to act like test.

@TestFactory – Annotation for creating test method on run time, done by creating ranodmized tests or tests from external data

@DisplayName – to make reports readable with repoet name

@Disabled – to skip junit tests

@BeforeAll/@BeforeEach – lofe cycle mthods meant to run before tests

@AfterAll/@AfterEach – method to do clean up/tear down, meant execute after tests

#shorts#JUnit#Annotations

Python 3.9 features:

1. High performance andflexibility – PEG basedparser (replaced currentLL(1) ) has high performanceand stability.

2. New 2 operatorsmerge “|”, and “|=” updateare introduced forDictionary operations

3. new two string functionsadded to string object for easy coding experience.they are ‘removeprefix(string)’and removesuffix(string) as below’prefix-n’. removeprefix(‘prefix-‘)’n-suffix’. removesuffix(‘-suffix’)both code provides ‘n’ as result

4. Type hinting for built-in generictypes for easy coding & understanding

#shorts
What is Single slash ‘/’
in Xpath in selenium:

Single slash ‘/’ is used
when absolute Xpath
is considered for Element
identification for Selenium
WebDriver

What is Double slash ‘//’
in Xpath in selenium:

Double slash ‘//’ is used
when relative Xpath
is considered for Element
identification for Selenium
WebDriver

Relative Xpath ‘//’
is better Element
identification strategy

TestNG Parameterization:Approach

1: feed inputparameters via TestNGand receive using@Parameters annotationat the target methodApproach

2: use Dataproviderwhen complex parameterslike data from database, xls,property file, arraylist etc