What is ELK

What is ELK (Elastic search, Logstash, Kibana) ?

ELK stack is a combination of 3 open-source products as below,

  1. Elasticsearch, a search and analytics engine.
  2. Logstash, that index the data to Elasticsearch. Logstash has a config file that has input,filter and output section. Config file looks like json file.
  3. Kibana, a visualization tool which provides a web based GUI for a user. User can design the bar, plot reporting charts.
    In order to make Kibana and Elasticsearch interact, you need to make both server up and running. Then logstash will index the data to Elasticsearch. 
    Then Kibana would read the data from Elasticsearch and visualize it.

DevOps vs DevSecOps vs NetOps

What is DevOps vs DevSecOps vs NetOps ?

DevOps is the practice of using set of tools, processes and practices to get good agility in software implementation to customers. It combines Dev (software development ) and Ops (information operations). DevOps shortens the development lifecycles and provides Continous Integration & Delivery. 
DevSecOps is when security features are included in DevOps CI/CD flow.
NetOps is when network services are packaged to DevOps.

Jenkins job vs pipeline

What is Jenkins jobs and Jenkins pipeline ?

Jenkins jobs and Jenkins pipeline are essentially same, however pipeline is more staged flow of jobs. For Jenkins pipeline, Jenkinsfile is used.
What is Jenkinsfile?Jenkinsfile is a text file placed in the root project directory. The Jenkinsfile has multiple stages like build, unit test, sonar test, functional,  regression, integration,  performance testing, deployment etc.

Top 20 sql interview questions and answers

Top 20 sql interview questions and answers

What is DDL, DML, DCL, TCL in SQL ?

DDL refers to Data Definition language. DDL is used to create/modify the structure of Database. e.g. CREATE, ALTER, DROP statement..

DML refers to Data Manipulation language. DML is used to retrieve, modify, delete, insert and update data in database. e.g. SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT statement

DCL refers to Data Control Language. DCL is used to create roles, permissions, and control access to database. e.g. GRANT, REVOKE statement.
TCL refers to Transactional Control Language. TCL is used to manage different transactions occurring within a database. e.g COMMIT, ROLLBACK statement

What is the difference between UNION vs UNION ALL?

          UNION and UNION ALL are used for merging two tables which has similar structure.

the difference between UNION and UNION ALL is that the UNION removes the duplicates while merging tables but UNION ALL do not and retain all duplicates.

UNION is slower in performance  as it has additional task of removing duplicates which causes more time in  execution.

What is the difference between query and subquery?

A Query is a code written to fetch information from the database where as subquery is a query within another query.  Basically subquery is an inner query. SubQuery is designed to executed first. The result of subquery is passed on to the main query which then process using the subquery output.

What is a stored procedure?

Stored Procedure is a function having several SQL statements. Stored procedure can be executed to process all SQL statements in it.

What is the difference between WHERE clause and HAVING clause?

Both WHERE and HAVING are used for filtering out records based conditions. WHERE clause can only be applied for static non-aggregated column whereas HAVING for aggregated columns.
SELECT * FROM Cricketbat WHERE batlenght > 2 feet
SELECT COUNT(Cricketbat)
FROM Bat
GROUP BY Team
HAVING COUNT(Cricketbat) > 2 feet;

What is DELETE and TRUNCATE commands?

DELETE command is used to remove selected rows from a table. A WHERE clause can be used to specify the rows to be deleted

What is TRUNCATE commands?

TRUNCATE is used for removing all rows from the table. Truncate operation cannot be reversed but but delete can be reversed/rollback.

What is Log Caches of SQL Server?

Log cache is a memory pool allocated to read/write the log pages. A group of cache pages are available in each log cache.

What is Inner join?

Inner join is used for returning rows when there is at least one match of rows between the tables used in the inner join query.

What is Full Join?

Full join is used for returning all the rows from the left side table and all the rows from the right side table.

What is Right Join?

Right join return all rows of Right hand side table and matched rows in left hand table. Non matched rows will show null values for left had side.
Simply, it returns all the rows from the right hand side table even though there are no matches in the left hand side table.

What is Left Join?

Left join return all rows of Left hand side table and matched rows in right hand table. Non matched rows will show null values for right hand side.

What are the SQL MAX() and MIN() Functions?

The MAX() function returns the largest value in the selected column.

The MIN() function returns the smallest value in the selected column.

SELECT MAX(Weight) AS LargestWeight

FROM CricketBats;

SELECT MIN(Weight) AS SmallestWeight

FROM CricketBats;

What are the SQL AVG(), COUNT() and SUM() Functions

The SQL AVG() function returns the average value in a numeric values column.

e.g.

SELECT AVG(Weight)

FROM Cricketbats;

The SQL COUNT() function returns the number of rows count that matches with a specified criteria.

SELECT COUNT(ProductID)

FROM Cricketbats;

The SQL SUM() function returns the total sum of a numeric values in a specific column.

e.g

SELECT SUM(Weight)

FROM Cricketbats;

What is SQL UPDATE Statement?

The SQL UPDATE statement is used for modifying the existing records in the selected table.

e.g as below:

UPDATE Users

SET UserContactName=’First name Last name’, City=’City1′

WHERE UserID=1;

What is SQL ORDER BY Keyword?

The purpose of ORDER BY keyword is to sort the results in ascending or descending order.

example for ascending order

SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State ASC;

or

SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State;

example for descending order

SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State DESC;

What is a NULL Value in SQL?

NULL values can not be compared using operators =, <, or <> so we will need to use the “IS NULL” or “IS NOT NULL” operators instead.

SELECT UserName, UserContactName, Address FROM Persons

WHERE Address IS NULL;

SELECT UserName, UserContactName, Address FROM Persons

WHERE Address IS NOT NULL;

What is SQL INSERT INTO Statement?

The INSERT INTO statement is used for inserting new records to a table.

e.g.

INSERT INTO Users (UserName, UserContactName, UserAddress, City, ZipCode, State, Country)

VALUES (‘Test1′,’Firstname last name’,’address 1, 2,3 ‘,’City namer’,’99999′,’Statename’,’Countryname’);

What is SQL INSERT INTO SELECT Statement?

The SQL INSERT INTO SELECT statement is used for copying data from one table and then to insert to someother table.

e.g. as below:

INSERT INTO Users (UserName, UserCity, Country)

SELECT VendorName, VendorCity, Country FROM Vendors;

What is the SQL DELETE Statement?

The SQL DELETE statement is used for deleting the existing records in the selected table.

e.g as below:

DELETE FROM Users

WHERE UserName=’Firstname1 Lastname1′;

What is AND, OR and NOT Operators in SQL?

AND, OR, and NOT operators are combined with the WHERE clause to get the desired filtered results.

e.g

SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE State =’illinois’ AND City=’Chicago’;

SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE City=’Chicago’ OR City=’New York’;

SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE NOT State =’Chicago’;

What is SQL WHERE Clause?

SQL WHERE clause is used to filter records and its added as below

e.g.

SELECT States FROM Users where Usersgroup = ‘1’;

What is the SQL SELECT TOP Clause ?

The SELECT TOP clause is used to specify the number of records to return.

e.g as below:

SELECT TOP 100 * FROM Users;

Summary of SQL

What are the SQL MAX() and MIN() Functions?

The MAX() function returns the largest value in the selected column.

The MIN() function returns the smallest value in the selected column.

SELECT MAX(Weight) AS LargestWeight

FROM CricketBats ;

SELECT MIN(Weight) AS SmallestWeight

FROM CricketBats ;

What are the SQL AVG(), COUNT() and SUM() Functions

The SQL AVG() function returns the average value in a numeric values column.

e.g.

SELECT AVG(Weight)

FROM Cricketbats;

The SQL COUNT() function returns the number of rows count that matches with a specified criteria.

SELECT COUNT(ProductID)

FROM Cricketbats;

The SQL SUM() function returns the total sum of a numeric values in a specific column.

e.g

SELECT SUM(Weight)

FROM Cricketbats;

What is SQL UPDATE Statement?

The SQL UPDATE statement is used for modifying the existing records in the selected table.

e.g as below:

UPDATE Users

SET UserContactName=’First name Last name’, City=’City1′

WHERE UserID=1;

What is SQL ORDER BY Keyword

The purpose of ORDER BY keyword is to sort the results in ascending or descending order.

example for ascending order

SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State ASC;

or

SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State;

example for descending order

SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State DESC;

What is a NULL Value in SQL?

NULL values can not be compared using operators =, <, or <> so we will need to use the “IS NULL” or “IS NOT NULL” operators instead.

SELECT UserName, UserContactName, Address FROM Persons

WHERE Address IS NULL;

SELECT UserName, UserContactName, Address FROM Persons

WHERE Address IS NOT NULL;

What is SQL INSERT INTO Statement?

The INSERT INTO statement is used for inserting new records to a table.

e.g.

INSERT INTO Users (UserName, UserContactName, UserAddress, City, ZipCode, State, Country)

VALUES (‘Test1′,’Firstname last name’,’address 1, 2,3 ‘,’City namer’,’99999′,’Statename’,’Countryname’);

What is SQL INSERT INTO SELECT Statement?

The SQL INSERT INTO SELECT statement is used for copying data from one table and then to insert to someother table.

e.g. as below:

INSERT INTO Users (UserName, UserCity, Country)

SELECT VendorName, VendorCity, Country FROM Vendors;

What is the SQL DELETE Statement?

The SQL DELETE statement is used for deleting the existing records in the selected table.

e.g as below:

DELETE FROM Users

WHERE UserName=’Firstname1 Lastname1′;

What is AND, OR and NOT Operators in SQL

AND, OR, and NOT operators are combined with the WHERE clause to get the desired filtered results.

e.g

SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE State =’illinois’ AND City=’Chicago’;

SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE City=’Chicago’ OR City=’New York’;

SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE NOT State =’Chicago’;

What is SQL WHERE Clause?

SQL WHERE clause is used to filter records and its added as below

e.g.

SELECT States FROM Users where Usersgroup = ‘1’;

What is the SQL SELECT TOP Clause ?

The SELECT TOP clause is used to specify the number of records to return.

e.g as below:

SELECT TOP 100 * FROM Users;

What is AND, OR and NOT Operators in SQL

AND, OR, and NOT operators are combined with the WHERE clause to get the desired filtered results.

 

e.g SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE State =’illinois’ AND City=’Chicago’;

 

e.g SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE City=’Chicago’ OR City=’New York’;

 

e.g SELECT * FROM Users

WHERE NOT State =’Chicago’;

What is SQL WHERE Clause

SQL WHERE clause is used to filter records and its added as below
SELECT States FROM Users where Usersgroup = ‘1’;

Selenium Tutorial 

Karate framework

Selenium features
Selenium features – what are the main features of selenium.
Selenium IDE
How to Validate the XPATH is correct in Selenium automation
How to take snapshot of browser using selenium
How to run selenium on linux server using Firefox binary
How to handle the error popup on site security certificate is not trusted with chrome selenium python automation
How to Implement Maven TestNG Selenium Grid project
How to Install TestNG in Eclipse IDE for Selenium WebDriver automation testing
How to run selenium tests in jenkins
Selenium jenkins integration
Selenium grid hub and node configuration
Protractor vs Selenium
Robot framework and Selenium2Library
Apache poi selenium webdriver supports Selenium projects

What is SQL ORDER BY Keyword

The purpose of ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the results in descending or ascending order

 

e.g SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State DESC;

 

e.g SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State ASC;

 

or

 

SELECT * FROM Users

ORDER BY State;